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Newfoundland,
a windswept island off the North Atlantic, has a long rich cultural
heritage derived from, but independent of its European past. First
settled by English, Irish and French immigrants over 500 years ago,
Newfoundland quickly became an overseas colony of great importance
due to its abundant fish stocks. Centuries of warring between the
English and French for dominance on the island gradually led to
a blurring of cultures when control of the island was finally irrevocably
settled in favor of the English forces. Several hundred years as
the first British overseas colony bred a culture and a people who
were neither quite Old World nor as willing to sever their European
ties as were other North American colonies. Newfoundland became
Britain's first colony to be granted independence as a Dominion
in the British Empire and what followed was a rich period in history
in which the peoples and cultures of many countries were imported
to Newfoundland through immigration and its capital, St. Johns'
status as a pre-eminent port city. Following World War II, Newfoundland
suffered from a series of political and economic setbacks, which
eventually led to its confederation with Canada in 1949. The referendum
for Confederation was won by a margin of one percent and is still
a highly contentious issue almost fifty years later. Indeed, Newfoundland's
being the oldest settled colony in North America by a large margin
has bred a people and way of life that is still an unique bridge
between cultures and centuries.
Culturally
and musically Newfoundland remains an incredibly distinct region.
Its artistic history is of a people who were some of the first
pioneers in North America. Five hundred years of multi-cultural
influence have born an arts scene which is heavily influenced
by the Celtic Europeans who settled the island but also very distinct
from the Old World. Indeed, Newfoundland's music and art remains
distinct from other Celtic European influenced and settled areas
which lack both Newfoundland's long multi-cultural history and
the independence born from physical isolation and long political
separation.
The
early 1970's saw a rediscovery of Newfoundland's long arts and
culture history, which led to a renaissance in local music, writing
and visual art. Stemming from a backlash against twenty years
of sometimes-forced cultural integration with Canada, this artistic
resurgence revived traditional art and re-invented it for a new
time and circumstance. Once again the traditional music of the
people was being sought out and for the first time it was moving
out of the kitchens and onto a worldwide stage. At the forefront
of this musical renaissance were artists like Pamela Morgan, Anita
Best, and Figgy Duff who revived the art of the Oral History by
learning the traditional songs directly from the older generations.
Figgy Duff's efforts along with those of other artists in a variety
of disciplines eventually brought Newfoundland's distinct brand
of song, dance, story and visual art to the world. A dying art
form was revitalized and it garnered the world's attention and
respect for Newfoundland art as a genre unto itself.
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